Screw air compressor of the basic structure, working principle and composition Gong Yi write screw compressor is by the Swedish royal institute of technology professor Lysholm invented in 1934. Because of the limitation of design and manufacture level 60 s slow growth in screw compressor; Early sixties injection technology was introduced into the screw compressor, reduce the machining accuracy of the screw rotor profile requirements, as well as the unit of noise, such as structure, rotation speed has a favorable effect. At present, the injection screw compressor has become main model of aerodynamic, refrigeration and air conditioning industry, in the medium volume flow air power unit and the refrigerating capacity of the secondary cooling device, screw compressor has accounted for in the market leading position.
1 the basic structure of screw compressor
which we usually said double screw compressor, its basic structure as shown in the above.
In compressor host configuration in parallel with a pair of mutually meshing of spiral rotor, usually outside the pitch with a convex tooth rotor (from cross section), known as the male rotor or Yang screw; The pitch has a concave tooth rotor (from cross section), called Yin or vaginal screw rotor. A BanYang rotor as the active rotor, driven by Yang rotor Yin rotor rotation. The ball bearing rotor on the rotor to realize axial positioning, and axial force of the compressor. At the ends of the rotor tapered roller thrust bearing make rotor radial orientation,
And the radial force and compressor and axial force. On both ends of the compressor host with a certain shape and size of orifice, a call for suction suction mouth; Another call for exhaust vent.
2, the work principle of screw compressor
A(Breath process) B(close process)
working cycle can be divided into the suction process (including inspiratory and closed process), the compression process and exhaust process. As the rotor rotate each pair of gears tooth have done the same work cycle, for the sake of simplicity we only study of a pair of teeth.
the suction process (a) (b) closed suction process With the movement of the rotor, without meshing formed gradually at the end of the tooth between volume, the expansion of volume between the teeth in its internal form a vacuum, while the volume only between the tooth and inspiratory mouth connected, therefore, the gas under the effect of differential pressure flow into it. In the later in the process of rotor spinning, the rotor teeth constantly from the female rotor tooth, tooth at this time between volume is constantly expanding, and keep connected with inspiratory mouth. As the rotation of the rotor teeth volume has reached the maximum value, and the position of tooth between volume and inspiratory mouth off, suction process is over. Suction process at the same time, the rotor teeth, Yin and Yang and the end of the casing seal, tooth groove gas surrounded by a rotor tooth and casing in a closed space, i.e. a closed process.
2, the compression process
With the rotation of the rotor, due to the rotor tooth meshing teeth volume shrinking, sealed between the teeth there is less volume of the volume occupied by the gas, result in higher gas pressure, so as to realize the compression of gas process. The compression process can be continued until volume is between tooth and vent connected before.
3 3, the exhaust process
Volume between tooth and vent connected after start exhaust process, with the shrinking volume between your teeth has the end of the compression pressure in the gas is expelled through the vent port gradually, this process continues until the end of the tooth type wire mesh in full, the volume of the gas between the tooth is completely discharge through the vent port, the volume of a closed volume between tooth will become zero. Can be seen from the above principle, the screw compressor is through a pair of rotor inside the casing as rotary motion to change the working volume, volume was reduced, the density increases, thus improve the pressure of the gas. Three, the constitution of the screw air compressor, a fuel injection screw air compressor unit is mainly composed of main and auxiliary machinery of two parts, the host, including screw air compressor host and main motor, auxiliary engine including inlet and exhaust system, fuel injection and oil and gas separation system, cooling system, control system and electrical system, etc. In the inlet and exhaust system, free after air inlet filter to dust, impurities, into the air compressor suction mouth, and in the process of compression and injection of lubricating oil blending. After compression of the mixture of oil and gas into the separation of barrels of oil and gas, through the primary and secondary oil and gas separation, after the minimum pressure valve, the back of the cooler gas and water separator was taken to use the system. In the oil and oil and gas separation system, the compressor during normal operation, the oil and gas separation of barrels of oil, relying on air compressor exhaust pressure and differential pressure, nozzle to maintain flow in the circuit. Lubricating oil here under the action of pressure difference, temperature control valve into the oil cooler, again after the oil filter to remove impurity particles, most of the lubricating oil is sprayed into the air compressor compression chamber, have the effect of lubrication, sealing, cooling and noise reduction. The rest of the lubricating oil is sprayed into the bearing chamber and growth gearbox respectively. That part of the spray into the compression chamber together with the compressed air into the oil and gas separation of barrels of oil, after centrifugal separation, the vast majority of lubricating oil is separated out, and a small amount of lubricating oil filter for secondary separation, are two separate lubricating oil after return pipe to return to the compressor suction mouth of low pressure side. (1) the role of lubricating oil, cooling effect As a cooling agent, it can effectively control compression heat caused by temperature rise; lubrication As a lubricant, it can be formed between the rotor oil film; Sealing function As a sealant,
It can fill between rotor and shell, rotor and rotor
4 the leakage clearance. The noise reduction effect Oil is A viscous fluid, injection on acoustic energy and acoustic absorption and damping effect, general noise injection can reduce 10 ~ 20 db (A). (2) the role of the minimum pressure valve To ensure that the minimum oil circulation pressure; For valves, in order to avoid the air compressor shut down or no load case, the gas pipeline in the compressed air back into the unit; Ensure that oil and gas separator filter has a certain pressure difference before and after, in order to avoid too much just boot when the filter pressure difference before and after bumping phenomenon. (3) the role of temperature control valve Maintain lubricating oil temperature is higher than the pressure above dew point temperature, so as to avoid precipitation of moisture in the air. (4) barrels of oil and gas separation effect As a primary oil and gas separation device, it can be greater than 1 mu m diameter droplets effectively separated by using the mechanical collision method. As the air compressor lubricant oil reservoir; As the support body of the oil and gas separator filter, the filter can be under 1 microns diameter droplets first knot diameter larger droplets, and then separated.
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